viernes, 26 de enero de 2007

Capitis diminutio.

En el Derecho Romano existió una institución llamada capitis diminutio, la cual consitia en la perdida de la capacidad jurídica de los individuos impuesta como pena por parte del Estado. Capitis, genitivo de caput (cabeza), designó primeramente, tomándose la parte por el todo, al individuo, fuera o no hombre; posteriormente se aplicó sólo a éste, fuese libre o esclavo, ciudadano extranjero (y así dice un texto: servile caput nullum ius habet, la cabeza servil no tiene ningún derecho), y por fin, restringiéndose más su significado, se aplicó al individuo que, además de ser hombre, era libre, ciudadano romano y sui iuris (por lo que se decía que el esclavo no tenía cabeza, caput). Así, caput expresa la personalidad, la subjetividad de los derechos que pertenecen a un ciudadano, tanto en las relaciones públicas como en las privadas, según el ius civile romanorum (derecho civil de los romanos). Es, pues, sinónimo de estado (de libertad, de ciudadanía y de familia).
Así pues a la perdida de la capacidad, que no de la cabeza se le denominó capitis diminutio, y dependiendo de la capacidad que se perdía podía ser máxima cuando se perdía la ciudadanía romana, es decir la capacidad de contratar y ejercer ciertos cargos que tenian los ciudadanos romanos. Media cuando se perdían los derechos derivados de pertenecer a una determinada familia, es decir llevar el nombre y estar bajo la tutela de un pater y máxima cuando se perdía la libertad convirtiéndose en esclavo o servil quedando en este caso sin capacidad ninguna.

En nuestra revolución, aunque es discutible si el propio hecho de ejercer un cargo comporta la capitis dimituo máxima, pues parece que quienes lo hacen se convierten en serviles o esclavos del jefe máximo, o por el contrario se aumenta su capacidad dándoles facultades discrecionales para actuar a su antojo, pero parece que en esta nueva etapa el aprendiz de emperador ha decidido aplicar esta institución con toda rigurosidad. El nueve de enero de 2007 com motivo de la juramentación del nuevo gabinete aplicó a Jesse Chacón la cpitis dimitio media, pues le quitó toda la capacidad jurídica que tenia en el cargo de Ministro de Interior y Justicia, desde donde se manejan las policías, las notarías, los registros, los subsidios a las iglesias y pare usted de contar, para enviarlo al Ministerio del Poder Popular para las Telecomunicaciones, a William Lara, le aplicaron la diminutio minima, pues lo dejaron en el Ministerio de Información y le quitaron el sector comunicaciones, Pero al que le aplicaron la máxima fue al Vicepresidente José Vicente Rangel, quien quedó como la guayabera, por fuera.

Eso de quitar cabezas al principio se ve como una especie de deber moral que se ejerce con mucho cuidado y con respeto a la persona humana, pero al final se convierte en un verdadero festín que pareciera que produce un placer extremo a quien lo ejerce. Ejemplo de ello la Revolución Francesa en la que rodaron hasta las cabezas de quienes hicieron rodar cabezas.

Pero la capitis dimitio mas significativa que al parecer veremos es la de el pueblo venezolano que poco ha poco irá perdiendo derechos tales como el de ser informados, el de expresarnos libremente, el de asociarnos en las organizaciones que creemos nosotros mismos y siga usted contando. Por ahora anuncian que controlarán las telecomunicaciones, esto es la CANTV, por considerarla una empresa “estratégica” y no renovarán la concesión de RCTV por haber apoyado el golpe de 2.002. Pregunto yo cuantos venezolanos apoyaron el golpe, sabemos que un millón pidió la revocatoria del presidente y con la lista de Tascón se les aplicó su capitis diminutio impidiéndoles el derecho a trabajar básicamente, pero también derecho a viviendas dignas, a créditos del estado y otros tantos.

En cuanto a RCTV que presentó ayer una defensa brillante a sus derechos y que prometió presentarla ante los organismos jurisdiccionales, posiblemente les responderán con la ya famosa máxima del emperador Hugus: “teneis razonis pero equal vais preso”


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